In conclusion, plasma metabolome biomarkers of dietary ACNs depended on the dietary source and some of them, such as salsolinol sulfate and 4-methylcatechol sulfate may link berry intake with cardiometabolic health benefits. Salsolinol sulfate and 4-methylcatechol sulfate, both related to the intake of ACNs mainly from berries, were inversely associated with visceral adipose tissue.

Combining these results with censored regression analysis, metabolites associated with ACNs intake were: salsolinol sulfate, 4-methylcatechol sulfate, linoleoyl carnitine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and one valerolactone. Using mixed graphical models, ACNs from different foods showed specific associations with plasma metabolome biomarkers. The median intake of total ACNs was 1.6mg/day. ACN content of foods was calculated using Phenol Explorer and foods were categorized into food groups. Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were used to collect dietary data at baseline, six, and twelve months. A total of 1351 samples from 624 participants (55% female, mean age: 45 ± 12 years old) enrolled in the DCH-NG MAX study were studied using a targeted metabolomic analysis.

Our aims were to study the association between ACN intake, considering its dietary sources, and plasma metabolites, and to relate them with cardiometabolic risk factors in an observational study. Associations between dietary intake, microbial metabolism, and cardiometabolic health benefits of ACNs have not been fully characterized. Anthocyanins (ACNs) are (poly)phenols associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk.

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